砂泵系石油鉆井泥漿循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部件，它采用軸向吸入結(jié)構(gòu)，葉輪為耐磨耐腐蝕材質(zhì)加工制作，適用于輸送帶有懸浮顆粒的鉆井液或其他類似工況的液體介質(zhì)。
SB系列砂泵在設(shè)計(jì)上主要有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：
a.復(fù)合式機(jī)械密封:采用機(jī)械密封，同時(shí)外側(cè)輔以盤根密封，比傳統(tǒng)采用純盤根密封更為可靠。
b.開放式葉輪結(jié)構(gòu):設(shè)備葉輪采用了開放式的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，使軸的載荷減小到最低，運(yùn)行更平穩(wěn)。
c.流量和效率更高:葉片曲線更符合流體力學(xué)要求，提高了設(shè)備的流量和效率。
d.使用壽命更長:關(guān)鍵部位采用了耐磨抗腐蝕材料，抗磨損抗腐蝕，延長設(shè)備的使用壽命。
e.軸向調(diào)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu):采用軸向調(diào)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，方便調(diào)整葉輪的前后間隙，提高運(yùn)行效率。
f.精準(zhǔn)的加工手段:零部件完全采用數(shù)控機(jī)床加工，相同零件可以完全無差別互換。
g.選用范圍更廣:多種型號(hào)的泵殼和葉輪，滿足客戶的多種需求。
砂泵工作原理：
液體通過泵殼進(jìn)口連接管到達(dá)葉輪吸入口，通過高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的葉輪，在慣性離心力的作用下自葉輪中心被甩向周邊并獲得能量，使流向葉輪周邊的鉆井液靜壓強(qiáng)提高，流速增大。液體離開葉輪進(jìn)入泵殼后，在慣性力作用下隨泵殼流道運(yùn)動(dòng)，具有較高壓能的液體在泵殼內(nèi)腔切線出口進(jìn)入排出管道，被輸送到指定的管路系統(tǒng)中。
砂泵常見故障及排除方法：
序號(hào)
No. | 故障現(xiàn)象
Failure | 產(chǎn)生原因
Cause | 排除方法
Troubleshooting |
1 | 流量不足
Insufficient flow | 吸入閘門未全開
Inhale gate not opened.
泥漿罐液面過低
Liquid level for mud tank is far too low.
沉砂堵塞濾網(wǎng)
Settled sand clogging filter screen.
吸入管漏氣
Inlet duct found with leakage.
電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)
Motor reversal. | 打開閘門
Open the gate.
提高泥漿罐液面
Raise the liquid level for mud tank.
啟動(dòng)攪拌器
Start up the agitator.
修復(fù)吸入管路
Repair the inlet duct.
電工調(diào)整相線
Phase wire to be adjusted by electrician. |
2 | 振動(dòng)明顯
Apparent vibration | 吸入閘門未全開
Inhale gate not opened.
泥漿氣浸嚴(yán)重
Severe gas influx to mud.
泵與電機(jī)不對中
Pump not matched to power generator.
軸承損壞
Damaged bearing.
地腳螺栓松動(dòng)
Loosened anchor bolts.
基礎(chǔ)不牢
Foundation not firm.
固定松動(dòng)
Loosened fastening. | 打開閘門
Open the gate.
將泥漿除氣
Exhaust gas from mud.
重新找正并緊固
Have it readjusted and fasten firm.
更換軸承
Replace the bearing.
擰緊地腳螺栓
Fasten anchor bolts firm.
加固基礎(chǔ)
Consolidate the foundation.
加強(qiáng)固定
Secure the fastening. |
3 | 異常響聲
Abnormal sound | 壓蓋與軸套磨擦
Pressure cover in friction with axle sleeve.
葉輪松動(dòng)
Loosened impeller.
軸承潤滑不足
Insufficient lubrication grease for bearing.
氣蝕
Gas etching. | 重新調(diào)整壓蓋螺栓
Readjust the bolts for pressure cover.
上緊轉(zhuǎn)子螺母
Fasten rotor nut firm.
添加潤滑油
Add more lubrication grease.
降低排量
Lower down discharge. |
4 | 軸封泄漏
Spindle seal leakage | 軸套嚴(yán)重磨損
Axle sleeve seriously worn out.
盤根失效
Disabled packing. 軸承損壞
Damaged bearing. | 更換軸套
Replace the axle sleeve.
更換盤根
Replace packing. 更換軸承
Replace bearing. |
5 | 軸承發(fā)熱
Over-heated
Bearing. | 盤根壓得過緊
Packing being pressed too tight.
潤滑油不足或過多
Insufficient or excessive lubrication grease.
潤滑脂不干凈
Lubricants no clean.
泵與電機(jī)不對中
Pump not matched to power generator.
軸承中有泥漿
Mud found in bearing. | 調(diào)松盤根壓蓋
Adjust packing pressure cover loose.
添加或放出潤滑油
Add more or release lubrication grease.
更換潤滑脂
Change lubricants.
重新找正并緊固
Have it readjusted and fasten firm.
清洗軸承，更換潤滑油
Cleanse bearing and renew lubrication grease. | |
6 | 泄漏嚴(yán)重
Severe leakage | 油封磨損過大
Oil seal seriously worn out.
耐磨套磨損嚴(yán)重
Wear sleeve seriously worn out.
密封填料磨損過大
Seal filler severely worn out.
機(jī)械密封失效
Disabled mechanical seal. | 更換油封
Change oil seal.
更換軸套
Replace axle sleeve.
更換密封填料
Replace seal filler.
更換機(jī)械密封
Replace mechanical seal. | |
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